The New Passport of Belarus: A Symbol of Change

In an unprecedented move, the Belarusian opposition, led by figures like Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya, has initiated a project to introduce a new form of identification known as the "New Belarus Passport." This initiative, aimed at providing legal identity for Belarusians who have emigrated due to political reasons, symbolizes a significant shift in the political landscape of Belarus and its relationship with the broader international community.

The Genesis of the New Passport

The idea of a new passport emerged in response to a decree by Belarusian President Alexander Lukashenko, which has made it nearly impossible for opposition members to renew their passports outside the country without facing legal repercussions. This decree effectively left many Belarusians abroad without valid identification, severely restricting their freedom of movement and legal status in host countries. The New Belarus Passport was first discussed in earnest in 2020, but gained momentum following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, where Belarus played an indirect but significant role, highlighting the need for such a document.

Design and Functionality

The New Belarus Passport is not just a document but a statement of political identity. It is designed to be a biometric passport, adhering to international standards set by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) for travel documents. The passport would feature Belarusian and English text, aiming to facilitate travel, especially within the Schengen Area of the European Union. However, it's crucial to note that owning this passport does not automatically grant visa-free travel or residency rights in other countries; it's primarily a verification of citizenship and a means to travel.

International Recognition and Challenges

The project has faced both support and skepticism internationally. Two countries have preliminarily expressed readiness to recognize the passport, but the actual implementation and broader acceptance remain uncertain. Legal experts like Ekaterina Deikalo have raised concerns about the feasibility due to issues with unique country codes required for passports. Conversely, the opposition claims there's an agreement with an unnamed state willing to share its code, though specifics remain undisclosed.

Political Implications

For many Belarusians abroad, particularly those who left due to political persecution, this passport represents more than just a travel document; it's a symbol of resistance against the current regime. It provides a form of identity that aligns with their political stance and hopes for a democratic Belarus. However, the initiative has also stirred debates about the legitimacy and legal standing of this passport, both domestically and internationally.

Current Status and Future Prospects

As of January 2025, the New Belarus Passport project is set to start accepting applications from January 26, indicating progress after numerous delays and changes in project leadership. Despite the hurdles, including security concerns and the creation of fake application pages by state actors to trap applicants, the opposition continues to push for its adoption. The passport's success will largely depend on the political climate in Europe, the willingness of countries to recognize it, and the evolving situation in Belarus itself.

The New Belarus Passport is more than a travel document; it's a beacon of hope for those envisioning a new political chapter for Belarus. While its practical impact on international travel and legal status is yet to be fully realized, its symbolic value in the fight for democracy and human rights in Belarus is undeniable. For Western readers, this initiative underscores the ongoing struggle for freedom in regions where authoritarianism persists, highlighting the lengths to which oppressed communities will go to assert their identity and rights on the global stage.